Experimental Determination of Blackbody Radiation Spectrum

Langley Bolometer & Wheatstone Bridge Galvanometer Tracing
Furnace Temperature (T) 1550 K
800 K 2200 K
Theoretical Wien Peak: λ_max ≈ 1870 nm (1.87 μm)
Monochromator Slit Position (λ)
200 nm
200 nm 3400 nm
Drag slider forward to integrate area; drag backward to erase.
Detected Peak (λ_max): -- (Scan past peak first)
Total Area under Curve (∫I_G): 0.00 a.u. (∝ T⁴)
Active Arm (R_bolo): 50.000 Ω
Bridge Output (V_D - V_B): 0.000 mV
Galvanometer Deflection (I_G): 0.00 μA

📐 1. Wien's Displacement Law (Peak Wavelength)

Peak emission shifts inversely with absolute temperature:

λmax =
b T
=
2.89777 × 106 nm·K T

Derived from Planck's distribution at the maximum: ∂E(λ, T)/∂λ = 0.

∫ 2. Stefan–Boltzmann Law (Total Radiated Area)

Calculated via numerical integration (Composite Trapezoidal Rule):

Area = ∫ IG(λ) dλ ≈ ∑ [
IG(λi) + IG(λi+1) 2
] · Δλ ∝ T4

Total emitted radiant energy equals the area under the full curve across all wavelengths.